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The Department of Health and Human Services in the united state of America stated that the Hepatitis B vaccine is necessary at birth for all babies, and all babies should get the first shot within 24 hours of birth.
A little bit of dried blood near the stump’s base is expected. But any persistent and significant bleeding from the umbilical stump is cause for concern.
Hot water is not recommended. Instead, you must keep the umbilical cord stump and surrounding skin clean and dry by topping and tailing with a warm moist flannel or sponge. This primary care will help to prevent infection.
The umbilical stump typically dries up and falls off when the baby is around 2 weeks old. However, falling off at two weeks isn’t accurate. Some babies lose their stump as early as one week and as late as three weeks after birth.
You are free to put your baby in the water for the first time after the umbilical cord stump has dried up, fallen off and healed. However, only give your newborn sponge baths before this time. Sponge bathe is often called topping and tailing. Studies show many benefits from waiting past the first day or more; therefore, WHO recommends delaying the bath for at least 24 hours after birth.
Bathing your baby 2-3 times a week is enough to keep them clean. However, it’s fine to bathe your baby frequently if you notice your baby likes water. You should use a small amount of bath wash to avoid skin dryness.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a healthy baby’s sudden, unexpected, unexplained death.
The national sleep foundation recommends that newborns get 14 – 17 hours of sleep every 24 hours, including naps and night sleep.Although the most significant sleep happens at night, it is uncommon for newborns to sleep all through the night.However,this is just a guideline for parents to target their baby’s sleep while keeping in mind that a healthy amount of sleep may vary with babies and from day to day.
You should always put your baby on their back for every sleep, day and night, as this is the best position and the most protective action you can take to ensure your baby is as safe as possible while sleeping. Sleeping otherwise can lead to injury, such as, SIDS or suffocation.
Healthy breastfed babies can gain up to 3-4 ounces per week.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, well-child visits should take place at: 1 month old, 2 months old, 4 months old, 6 months old, 9 months old, 12 months old, 15 months old, 18 months old, 24 months old.
Using a double pump to express milk from both breasts simultaneously will save you more time than pumping each breast separately. Double pumping will also encourage healthy breast milk production.
Giving your baby fresh breast milk is most times the first choice,but thawed frozen milk is unquestionably healthier to give your baby than formula.You can store freshly expressed or pumped milk at room temperature for up to 4 hours.It can also be stored in a refrigerator for up to 4 days and in a freezer for about 6 months which is the best.however, up to 12 months is acceptable.
freshly expressed breastmilk should not be kept at room temperature for more than 4 hours.
No hat is the safest option for a sleeping baby to avoid SIDS.
Child experts warn parents that newborns cry for a reason; therefore, Parents are encouraged to respond to a newborn’s cry immediately by making them comfortable. Either by changing a wet diaper, feeding or cuddling. And if none of this works, you can leave your baby to cry as long as you know they are comfortable and don’t appear sick.
Newborn tends to eat as often as every 2 to 4 hours. This helps them to get enough nutrition that will help them grow. Frequent feeding also helps improve your milk supply and your baby’s practice at latching.
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for about the first six months of a baby’s life. After that, breastfeeding alongside complementary foods is best from 6 to 12 months. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breastfeeding for up to 2 years. However, mums and their babies can continue to enjoy breastfeeding for as long as they want to.
You should ALWAYS wake your sleeping baby to feed… The wake-and-sleep method is the first step in helping your little one self-soothe when a noise or hiccup accidentally rouses him in the middle of the night.
Your baby will only get a small amount of vitamin D through breast milk, so to avoid your baby developing vitamin D deficiency, experts recommend giving your baby a vitamin D supplement of 400 IU daily. However, your baby does not need this supplement if they have more than 500ml of first infant formula daily, as it is already fortified with vitamin D.
The rotavirus oral vaccine is a standard childhood vaccination for babies. According to experts, the first dose can be administered at 8 weeks while the second dose at 12 weeks. So if your baby misses the first dose, they can still have it up to age 15 weeks and the second dose up to 24 weeks.
Although Pacifier has been reviewed to have no impact on breastfeeding, experts advise you to wait until your newborn is about 3-4 weeks before you offer a pacifier, as this will give you time to settle into the nursing routine.
sterilizing bottles after every single use is recommended for babies under 3 months old. Mainly one of the ways to kill harmful germs that can harm your baby, as babies under 3 months old have weak immune system and cannot fight off viruses efficiently as older babies.
pacifiers have been found to reduce the risk of a baby falling victim to SIDS during the first year. On the contrary, Some research shows that using a pacifier beyond age 3 may affect developing dentition. According to a review, weaning at 6months may reduce the chance of ear infection. However, The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends weaning from age 3. When your child should stop the pacifier is not clear-cut. Knowing what’s best for your child will help you to understand the right time to wean them off the pacifier.
It is advised to eliminate a pacifier from a baby’s routine before it is too late because prolonged use of pacifiers can result in various health ailments. Studies show that a baby who uses a pacifier for longer than necessary has an increased risk of all of the listed EXCEPT for Nasal infection.
Research suggests that tummy time can begin as early as the day they come home from the hospital. By 3 months of age, you can focus on achieving at least an hour of tummy time total per day.
Tummy time is good for helping your baby strengthen their neck muscles, back and arms. Also, it is crucial for their physical development as it helps your baby to develop their motor skills and encourages them to roll over.
Babies progressively start to sit independently between about three and nine months; the best practice to help your baby sit up as early as six months old with a bit of help getting into the position is tummy time. Your baby needs reasonable head control to sit up; the more they spend time on their tummy, the more they build a little muscle to get stronger and push further off the floor.
Most Babies usually start to crawl around 7 to 10 months.Some start as early as 6 to 10 months, while some do not crawl at all,evolving straight from lumbering on their bottom to sitting up to standing and walking.Every baby is unique.They grow and progress at their own pace.Your baby will start to crawl when ready, so do not compare your baby’s progress to other babies.
Some babies start to walk before they are 12 months, while the average age for babies to start walking is about 12 months — 18 months.
However, babies will start to walk at their own pace as learning to walk is a gradual process, and there is no need to be in a hurry for your baby to walk.
At about 18 weeks of pregnancy, your unborn baby hears its very first sounds in your body, like your heartbeat. At 24 weeks, their tiny ears are developing rapidly, and at 27 to 29 weeks, they can hear sounds outside your body. Your baby’s responsiveness to sound upgrades even more as the weeks pass, and by the time they are full-term, they will be able to hear at about the same degree as an adult.
At 9 months, babies can understand a few basic words like “no” and“bye-bye.” They also may begin to use a broader range of consonant sounds and tones of voice around 12 months.
Generally, most infants get their first teeth a few months after birth. However, some babies are born with one or more teeth. These are called natal teeth. Natal teeth are relatively rare and occur in about 1 out of every 2,000 births.
Baby’s first tooth starts to push through the gum when they are between 4 and 7 months old.
The American Dental Association advocate is cleaning your baby’s gums regularly with a damp washcloth or baby gum brush, starting from few days after birth. Even before their first tooth breaks through their gums, this will prevent bacteria that form when the sugar from formula or breast milk sit on their gums to form in-group because these bacteria can cause dental problems along the road. and you can begin to brush with a toothbrush and toothpaste immediately after the eruption of the first teeth.
The AAP and WHO advise parents to wait until the baby is 6 months before introducing solid foods. At this point, babies require more energy and nutrients than milk for their growth and development. Therefore, they would need solid foods in addition to breastmilk to keep up with their rapid growth and development requirement. In the beginning, you shouldn’t be concerned about how much your baby eats because getting them used to eating is the goal. However, it’s essential to remember that breast milk and formula will always be the primary source of nutrition until they turn one year old.
Babies under one year should not be given honey due to bacteria that can cause Infant botulism which is a very serious illness.
Cow’s milk can be used in cooking or mixed with baby’s food but should not be given as a drink until they are 12 months old, mainly because cow’s milk does not contain much iron, vitamin c, and other nutrients to meet your baby’s requirements. Also, babies cannot digest cow’s milk easily as breastmilk and baby formula.
You should not use ice or ice-cold water on a burn as this can further damage the skin by deepening the burn.Thereby leading to a slow healing process. Instead, simply keeping the area clean, remove any clothing from the affected area and place it under cold water for about 3 to 5 minutes until the pain subsides.
A temperature of 100.4°F or higher is generally classified as fever. You should contact your healthcare provider for any fever in babies under 3 months of age.
Your child’s first dental visit is recommended as soon as that first tooth appears, but no later than the first birthday.
The American Optometric Association (AOA) recommends that children have their first thorough eye exam, six months after birth, even if there are no vision problems.
One of the main reasons for green poop in babies is diarrhoea. Watery thin, green, and foul-smelling stools indicate the loose motion in babies caused by a virus. Keeping your baby hydrated during this time is essential. However, If the runny green poop has mucus, you should consult the paediatrician as it can be an infection.
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